Name:
Solanki Binita M.
Roll No: 05
Paper No: 06
Topic:
Barbarians, Philistines, Populist,
Hebraism & Hellenism.
Submitted
to: Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.
Introduction:
Mathew Arnold:
Mathew Arnold was poet and critic.
Arnold’s work as a critic beings with the preface to the poems which he issued in
1853 under his own name. His literary career leaving out the two prize poems
had begun in 1849 with the publication of The Strayed Reveler and other poem by
Arnold. Mathew Arnold “was indeed the mast delightful of companion”. Writers
G.W.E.Russell in portraits of the seventies. Mathew Arnold has been
characterized as a sage writer, a type of writer who chastises and instructs
the, reader on contemporary social issues. ‘Culture and Anarchy is major work
of criticism by Arnold.
In easy
Culture and Anarchy in chapter three he write about the three class
people and compare. He compare to Barbarians with Aristocratic class, he views
that this class lacks adequate courage for resistance. He calls this class the
Barbarians because they believe in their personal individualism, liberty and
doing as one likes; they had great passion for field sports. Their manly
exercise, their strength and their good looks are definitely found in the
Aristocratic class of his time. Their politeness resembles the chivalry
Barbarians, and their external styles in manners, accomplishments and powers
are inherited from the Barbarians. The Barbarians brought with them that
staunch individualism, as the modern phrase is and that passion doing as one
likes, for the assertion of personal liberty, which appears to Mr. Bright the
central ideas of English life. The Chivalry of the Barbarians, with its
characteristic of high spirit, choice manners, and distinguished bearing-what
is this but the attractive commencement of the politeness of our aristocratic
class? In some Barbarian noble, no doubt, one would have admired, if one could
have been then alive to see it, the rudiments of our politest peer.
Philistines:
The Philistines pent
polis were ruled by Seranim, who acted together for the common good, though to
what extent they had a sense of a “nation” is not clear without literary
source.
Mathew Arnold use
philistines in his easy culture and anarchy. In easy he compares philistines
with middle class. The other class is the middle class or the philistines,
known by its mundane wisdom, expert of industrialization and commerce. Their
eternal inclination is to the progress and prosperity of the country by
building cities, railroads and running the great wheels of industry.
The major opponents
to culture Mathew Arnold calls philistines, thus giving rise to the modern
usage of the term. The term used in a binary opposition to the term Barbarians
both discussed at length in chapter 3. Philistines for Arnold are the middle
class as being the major opponents to sweetness and light.
Populist:
Populist are seen by some politicians
as a largely democratic and positives force in society, while a wing of
scholarship in political science contends that populist mass movement are
irrational and introduce instability into the political process. Populist
democracy , including calls for more political participation through reforms
such as the use of popular reforms such as the use of popular referendums.
Populism has been a common political phenomenon throughout history.
Hebraism:
Hebraism is the
identification of a usage, trait, or characteristic of the Hebrew language. Hebraism
speaks of becoming conscious of sin, as a feat of this kind. Hebraism aiming at
self-coquets and rescues. Hebraism which thus received and ruled a world all
gone out of the way and altogether become unprofitable was and could not but be
the later the more spiritual, the more attractive development of Hebraism.
Arnold expands on this usage Mathew Arnold in culture and Anarchy describes
Hebraism and Hellenism as the two point of influence moves our world. Hebraism
speak of becoming conscious of sin, of wakening to a sense of sin, as a feat of
this kind.
Hellenism:
Hellenism acquires spontaneity of
consciousness with a clearness of mind. Hellenism keeps emphasis on knowing or
knowledge. Arnold turns to sin that spoils the efforts to achieve Hellenism. The
simple idea of Hellenism is to get rid of ignorance and to see things as they
are and to search beauty from them. Arnold turns to sin that spoil the effort
to achieve Hellenism. He calls it a mysterious power that is to man. The
discipline of the holy scripture teaches how to avoid and stop the sin.
The final aim of both
Hellenism and Hebraism, as of all great spiritual disciplines, is not doubt the
same: man’s perfection or salvation. Hellenism and Hebraism both are directly
connected to the life of human beings. Hellenism keeps emphasis on knowing or
knowledge, whereas Hebraism fastens its faith in doing. One thing must be
viewed that Hellenism of Indo-European growth and Hebraism is of Semitic
growth. Hellenism and Hebraism are profound and aolmirable manifestations of
man’s life, tendencies, and powers, and that both of them aim at a like final
result, we can hardly insist too strongly on the divergence of line and of
operation with which they proceed.
The rule of life must be based on the actual
instinct of seeing things as they really are and guiding our moral impulses is
that we can serve the ends of Hebraism and Hellenism. Human life under the
spell of Hellenism and Humanism really are, and to see them in their beauty
which would lead to ultimate truth.
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